精萘作为重要的化工原料，在染料制造、塑料加工及医药合成等领域发挥着关键作用。其独特的物理化学性质决定了使用过程中必须建立严谨的安全管理体系，通过规范操作与科学防护，将职业暴露风险控制在合理范围。

　　Naphthalene, as an important chemical raw material, plays a crucial role in fields such as dye manufacturing, plastic processing, and pharmaceutical synthesis. Its unique physical and chemical properties require the establishment of a rigorous safety management system during use, which controls occupational exposure risks within a reasonable range through standardized operations and scientific protection.

　　操作环境管控

　　Operating environment control

　　在密闭空间或通风不良区域使用精萘时，必须建立三级防护体系。基础层配备轴流风机保持空气置换率每小时不低于6次，中间层设置活性炭吸附装置过滤挥发气体，顶层安装VOCs在线监测仪实时预警。操作台面应采用304不锈钢材质，配备防静电接地装置，避免摩擦产生静电火花。接触精萘的容器具需选用玻璃、搪瓷或HDPE材质，禁止使用普通塑料器具防止渗透腐蚀。

　　When using refined naphthalene in confined spaces or poorly ventilated areas, a three-level protection system must be established. The basic layer is equipped with axial flow fans to maintain an air replacement rate of no less than 6 times per hour. The middle layer is equipped with activated carbon adsorption devices to filter volatile gases, and the top layer is equipped with VOCs online monitoring devices for real-time warning. The operating table should be made of 304 stainless steel material and equipped with anti-static grounding device to avoid static sparks caused by friction. Containers that come into contact with refined naphthalene should be made of glass, enamel or HDPE materials, and the use of ordinary plastic tools is prohibited to prevent penetration corrosion.

　　个体防护装备

　　Personal protective equipment

　　针对不同暴露途径构建三重防护屏障。呼吸防护需佩戴KN100级防尘口罩，搭配有机气体滤毒盒，定期进行密合性测试。皮肤防护采用丁腈橡胶手套与防化服组合，袖口、裤脚需用魔术贴密封，避免皮肤直接接触。眼部防护配置全包围式护目镜，防止飞溅物进入。在粉尘作业环境，还需穿戴连体式防尘服，外层喷涂抗静电处理剂。

　　Build triple protection barriers for different exposure pathways. Respiratory protection requires wearing a KN100 dust mask, paired with an organic gas filter box, and undergoing regular tightness testing. Skin protection uses a combination of nitrile rubber gloves and chemical resistant clothing. The cuffs and cuffs of the pants need to be sealed with Velcro to prevent direct skin contact. Eye protection is equipped with fully enclosed goggles to prevent splashes from entering. In dusty work environments, it is also necessary to wear a one-piece dust-proof suit and spray an anti-static treatment agent on the outer layer.

　　工艺安全规范

　　Process safety regulations

　　投料环节应采用负压输送系统，通过密闭管道实现自动化计量，避免人工倾倒产生的粉尘扩散。加热工序需配备双温度控制系统，主控温度设定值应低于精萘燃点（80℃）5℃以上，辅控系统实时监测环境温度。反应釜搅拌装置应安装防爆电机，转速严格控制在80rpm以下。设备检修前必须执行彻底清洗程序，使用不低于80℃的热水循环冲洗2小时，检测残留量低于0.1%方可拆解。

　　The feeding process should use a negative pressure conveying system to achieve automated metering through closed pipelines, avoiding the spread of dust generated by manual dumping. The heating process requires a dual temperature control system, with the main control temperature set to be at least 5 ℃ lower than the ignition point of naphthalene (80 ℃), and the auxiliary control system monitoring the ambient temperature in real-time. The mixing device of the reaction kettle should be equipped with an explosion-proof motor, and the speed should be strictly controlled below 80rpm. Before equipment maintenance, a thorough cleaning procedure must be carried out, using hot water with a temperature not lower than 80 ℃ for 2 hours to cycle and rinse. Only when the residual content is less than 0.1% can it be disassembled.

　　应急处理机制

　　Emergency response mechanism

　　建立泄漏处置三步法：小规模泄漏立即用砂土覆盖，禁止用水直接冲洗；大规模泄漏启动应急围堰系统，用专用吸附棉收集回收。人员暴露应急需区分接触途径，皮肤接触立即用植物油擦拭15分钟，禁用有机溶剂清洗；眼睛接触使用生理盐水持续冲洗20分钟。现场配备自动喷淋装置，设置15秒快速响应系统，配套建设应急冲洗站。

　　Establish a three-step method for leak disposal: immediately cover small-scale leaks with sand and prohibit direct flushing with water; Activate the emergency cofferdam system for large-scale leakage and collect and recycle using specialized adsorption cotton. Personnel exposure should urgently distinguish the contact routes. Skin contact should be immediately wiped with vegetable oil for 15 minutes, and organic solvents should be avoided for cleaning; Eye contact: Rinse continuously with physiological saline for 20 minutes. Equipped with automatic sprinkler system on site, set up a 15 second rapid response system, and build an emergency flushing station.

　　健康监测体系

　　Health monitoring system

　　从业人员需建立职业健康档案，包含血常规、肝功能、神经系统检查等基础指标。接触人员每半年进行专项体检，重点监测血萘浓度、尿酚代谢物等生物标志物。设置岗位轮换制度，连续作业不超过4小时，作业后必须进行全身清洁，更换的防护服需单独封装处理。建立健康异常快速通道，出现头晕、皮疹等症状立即启动医学观察。

　　Employees are required to establish occupational health records, including basic indicators such as blood routine, liver function, and neurological examination. Contact personnel undergo specialized physical examinations every six months, with a focus on monitoring biomarkers such as blood naphthalene concentration and urinary phenol metabolites. Establish a job rotation system, with continuous work not exceeding 4 hours. After work, the entire body must be cleaned, and any protective clothing that needs to be replaced must be individually sealed. Establish a fast track for health abnormalities, and immediately initiate medical observation if symptoms such as dizziness and rash occur.

　　废弃物处理规程

　　Waste disposal regulations

　　生产废渣需装入双层防渗包装袋，委托具有危废处理资质单位处置。清洗废水经pH调节、活性炭吸附、芬顿氧化三级处理，确保化学需氧量（COD）低于100mg/L方可排放。过期精萘需执行退库程序，在专用暂存柜分类存放，粘贴危险废物标识，建立出入库电子台账。

　　Production waste residue needs to be packed in double-layer anti-seepage packaging bags and entrusted to units with hazardous waste treatment qualifications for disposal. The cleaning wastewater undergoes three-stage treatment including pH adjustment, activated carbon adsorption, and Fenton oxidation to ensure that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is below 100mg/L before discharge. Expired refined naphthalene needs to undergo a return procedure, be classified and stored in a dedicated temporary storage cabinet, with hazardous waste labels affixed, and an electronic ledger for inbound and outbound inventory established.

　　通过构建环境-操作-个体-应急四位一体的安全体系，可有效控制精萘使用风险。企业应定期组织安全演练，结合工艺改进持续优化防护方案，将安全管理从被动应对转向主动预防，为从业人员构筑全方位的职业健康屏障。

　　By building a safety system that integrates environment, operation, individual, and emergency response, the risk of using refined naphthalene can be effectively controlled. Enterprises should regularly organize safety drills, continuously optimize protection plans in conjunction with process improvement, shift safety management from passive response to proactive prevention, and build a comprehensive occupational health barrier for employees.

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