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精萘在冶金工艺的作用解析
精萘作为一种重要的有机化工原料,在冶金行业中凭借其独特的物理化学性质,发挥着不可替代的作用,从金属分离提纯到工艺优化,多环节助力冶金过程高效开展。
Naphthalene, as an important organic chemical raw material, plays an irreplaceable role in the metallurgical industry due to its unique physical and chemical properties. From metal separation and purification to process optimization, it assists in the efficient development of metallurgical processes through multiple links.
在金属矿石的浮选工艺中,精萘是优良的捕收剂辅助成分。其易溶于有机溶剂且具有疏水性的特点,能与矿物表面的疏水性物质结合,增强矿物与气泡的吸附能力。在硫化矿浮选时,精萘可与黄药类捕收剂复配使用,通过调节矿浆的表面张力,提高目的矿物(如铜、铅、锌硫化矿)的浮游性,使矿物颗粒更易附着在气泡表面上浮至矿浆液面,从而实现与脉石矿物的分离。实际应用中,精萘的添加量需根据矿石性质精准控制,通常每吨矿石添加 0.5-2 千克,过量则可能导致脉石矿物一同上浮,影响分选精度。
In the flotation process of metal ores, refined naphthalene is an excellent collector auxiliary component. It is easily soluble in organic solvents and has hydrophobic properties, which can combine with hydrophobic substances on mineral surfaces to enhance the adsorption ability of minerals and bubbles. In the flotation of sulfide minerals, refined naphthalene can be used in combination with yellow medicine collectors to adjust the surface tension of the slurry, improve the floatability of target minerals (such as copper, lead, zinc sulfide minerals), and make it easier for mineral particles to adhere to the surface of bubbles and float to the surface of the slurry, thereby achieving separation from vein minerals. In practical applications, the amount of refined naphthalene added needs to be precisely controlled according to the properties of the ore. Usually, 0.5-2 kilograms are added per ton of ore, and excessive amounts may cause the gangue minerals to float up together, affecting the sorting accuracy.
精萘在金属提纯过程中可作为溶剂或稀释剂。部分金属(如稀有金属钽、铌)的化合物在精萘中具有一定溶解度,利用这一特性可实现金属化合物的提纯。在高温条件下,精萘能溶解金属氧化物或卤化物,通过冷却结晶或蒸馏的方式,将杂质与目标化合物分离,获得高纯度的金属原料。此外,在金属热处理工艺中,精萘可作为渗碳剂的稀释成分,调节渗碳速度与深度,使金属表面形成均匀的渗碳层,提升金属的硬度与耐磨性,尤其适用于中小型精密金属零件的表面处理。
Naphthalene can be used as a solvent or diluent in the process of metal purification. Compounds of certain metals, such as rare metals tantalum and niobium, have a certain solubility in refined naphthalene, which can be utilized for the purification of metal compounds. Under high temperature conditions, refined naphthalene can dissolve metal oxides or halides, separate impurities from target compounds through cooling crystallization or distillation, and obtain high-purity metal raw materials. In addition, in the metal heat treatment process, refined naphthalene can be used as a dilution component of carburizing agent, adjusting the carburizing speed and depth, forming a uniform carburizing layer on the metal surface, improving the hardness and wear resistance of the metal, especially suitable for surface treatment of small and medium-sized precision metal parts.
在湿法冶金中,精萘可辅助金属离子的萃取分离。其衍生物(如萘酚类化合物)能与特定金属离子形成稳定的络合物,在萃取体系中实现金属离子的选择性转移。例如在镍钴分离工艺中,含精萘衍生物的萃取剂可优先与钴离子结合,使钴从含镍的溶液中分离出来,分离系数可达 100 以上,有效提高镍、钴产品的纯度。这种萃取方式操作简便,且精萘衍生物可通过反萃取循环使用,降低冶金过程的原料消耗。
In wet metallurgy, refined naphthalene can assist in the extraction and separation of metal ions. Its derivatives (such as naphthol compounds) can form stable complexes with specific metal ions, achieving selective transfer of metal ions in the extraction system. For example, in the nickel cobalt separation process, extractants containing refined naphthalene derivatives can preferentially bind with cobalt ions, allowing cobalt to be separated from nickel containing solutions with a separation coefficient of over 100, effectively improving the purity of nickel and cobalt products. This extraction method is easy to operate, and the refined naphthalene derivatives can be recycled through reverse extraction, reducing the consumption of raw materials in metallurgical processes.
精萘的热稳定性使其在高温冶金中可作为碳源补充。在某些金属冶炼的还原阶段,精萘在高温下分解产生的碳元素能参与还原反应,与金属氧化物反应生成金属单质和二氧化碳,尤其适用于一些对还原气氛要求较高的冶炼过程。例如在铁合金生产中,适量添加精萘可调节炉内碳含量,优化合金成分,同时其分解产生的气体能搅动熔池,促进反应均匀进行,减少局部过烧或反应不完全的情况。
The thermal stability of refined naphthalene makes it a carbon source supplement in high-temperature metallurgy. In the reduction stage of certain metal smelting processes, the carbon element produced by the decomposition of refined naphthalene at high temperatures can participate in the reduction reaction and react with metal oxides to generate metal elements and carbon dioxide, especially suitable for smelting processes that require high reducing atmospheres. For example, in the production of ferroalloys, adding an appropriate amount of refined naphthalene can adjust the carbon content in the furnace, optimize the alloy composition, and at the same time, the gas produced by its decomposition can stir the molten pool, promote uniform reaction, and reduce local overburning or incomplete reaction.
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精萘作为一种重要的有机化工原料,在冶金行业中凭借其独特的物理化学性质,发挥着不可替代的作用,从金属分离提纯到工艺优化,多环节助力冶金过程高效开展。 Naphthalene,...